There are different types of transformer based on their usage, design, construction as follow. To view the available products from weisser, please click the weisser link and navigate around their site. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and their main components. These include core, windings, insulating materials, transformer oil, tap changer, conservator, breather, cooling tubes, buchholz relay and explosion vent. Normally, hydrocarbon mineral oils are used as transformer oil. Function of transformer oil muskaan transformers are designed for a maximum temp. During the second half of the 19th century the alternators, transformers and induction.
Connect different parts of a grid a source for subtransmission lines or distribution lines. The difference between the ground potential rise and the surface potential at the point where the person is standing while at the same time having a hand in contact with a grounded structure. What is distribution substation and its main components. This part is basically used for the cooling of xmer by the means of natural air. A strategy for power transformer spares dnv gl blog. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. The main functional parts of transformer are transformer. Each component functions are explained in detail with machinery. The working principle of a transformer is very simple.
It is an air tight cylindrical tank mounted on top of the transformer tank, provided to take care of the expansion and contraction of transformer oil, so that it does not comes in contact with the atmospheric air. There are several transformer types used in the electrical power system for different purposes, like in power generation, distribution and transmission and utilization of electrical power. State the physical characteristics of a transformer, including the basic parts, common core materials. Nov 17, 2015 main components of a power transformer figure 4. Maintenance of transformers a detailed checklist electrical4u. Power system structure the typical power system structure is shown in fig. A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, or multiple circuits. Department of energy doe directed this study to begin. You will have sufficient understanding to be able to apply your knowledge to the isolation of equipment. Electrical transformer components free online course alison. This guide addresses the manual type chargers using a manual timer or onoff switch.
It also provide oil in transformer after oil become cool. Download as doc, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Prerequisites have an understanding of basic electrical theory and transformer fundamentals. Main tasks associated with major substations in the. Nov 17, 2019 a power transformer requires various routine maintenance tasks including measurement and testing of different parameters of the transformer. These electronic components are basic electronic parts packaged in a discrete form. It provide place for hot transformer oil to expand. The transformers are classified based on voltage levels, core medium used, winding arrangements, use and installation place, etc. Current transformer white paper the basics of current transformers ratio the ct ratio is the ratio of primary current input to secondary current output at full load. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer s core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. It is most commonly used to increase step up or decrease step down voltage levels between circuits. Different types of transformers and their applications.
The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of components as well as ordering, support of engineers, structural design, the design of electrical layout, protection of relay, and major apparatus ratings. Dec 25, 2018 the substations are entities from which consumers are getting their electrical supply to run their loads while required power quality can be delivered to the customers by changing frequency and voltage levels etc the electricity substation designs are purely dependent on the need, for instance, a single bus or complex bus system etc. The core, which provides a path for the magnetic lines of flux. Some of the important substation parts such as emergency lighting, relay system, and automated control circuitry are operated through batteries. A transformer does not require any moving parts to transfer energy. A basic transformer consists of two windings around a shared core. The following are major electrical components of substations and their working. A transformer is made of several different parts that function in their own different ways to enhance the overall functioning of a transformer. A power transformer requires various routine maintenance tasks including measurement and testing of different parameters of the transformer. Icf assessment of large power transformer risk mitigation strategies 4 1.
These are the most commonly used transformer types for all the applications. Electrical transformer components free online course. Coupled with an ammeter, cts are used to protect the main lines of the power grid, by measuring highvoltage electrical current and preventing damage to sensitive equipment. A transformer is an electrical device which, by the principles of electromagnetic induction, transfers electrical energy from one electric circuit to another, without changing the frequency. Based on the input and output supply based on the voltage range. For a given fleet of power transformers, there are a lot of elements that come. Mutual induction is the process by which a coil of wire magnetically. Jul 22, 2019 the transformer s breather is a cylindrical container that is filled with silica gel. Conservator tank have following functions in transformer. It is a small tank which used in high power transformers. Alternately go to the products page, select the leg and stack size you want, note the art no of the selected product. The transformer does this by linking together two or more electrical circuits using a common oscillating magnetic circuit which is produced by the transformer itself. With long lead times on power transformers, reliability impacts and cost implications make transformer spares a critical decision for utilities that own and maintain this equipment.
The main function of core to support the winding and to provide flux flowing path in the magnetic circuit. Home technical articles substation main functions and classification primary distribution alstom 145kv gasinsulated switchgear gis f35 at the shuqaiq hv substation in saudi arabia an electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc. What are main transformer parts microcontrollers lab. It can be designed to step up or step down voltages and works on the magnetic induction principle. Windings form another important part of transformers. A transformer is a static device which transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through the process of electromagnetic induction. This part of the xmer contains the assembly of the core and the winding which is immersed in insulation oil. This means that there are no friction or windage losses associated with other electrical machines. Interactive 3d models are used extensively to show you exactly how each of the transformer parts work. The electrical substation design is a complex method with full of engineer planning. Apr 28, 2016 power transformer parts and functions 1. Important components of a substation with functions and responsibilities.
A transformer has no moving parts and is a completely. That is, if voltage is doubled, current will be halved. A transformer has no internal moving parts, and it transfers energy from one circuit to. The principle parts of a transformer and their functions are. Buchholz relay is used between conservator tank and main tank in transformers having capacity more than one mva.
Purpose and scope of the study the office of energy policy and systems analysis epsa, in consultation with the office of electricity delivery and energy reliability oe, of the u. Transformer is connected to the high current circuit, and the meter or relay is. The breather acts like an air filter for the transformer and controls the moisture level inside a transformer. The energy transfer usually takes place with a change of voltage and current. Mission of electrical substations and their main components course no. Parts of transformers pdf state the panasonic ls26ea pdf physical characteristics of a transformer, including the basic parts, common core materials. This type of transformer is called an ironcore transformer. Pa powerliner via flickr at the consumers premises, distribution transformers transform the distribution voltage to the service level voltage directly used in households and industrial plants, usually from 110 to 600 v.
Its an ideal course for anyone workingtraining in an electrical engineering or power engineering industry. A transformer s function is to maintain a current of electricity by transferring energy between two or more circuits. Transformers explaining the basics of transformers. It is connected above the main tank of transformer. The primary coil, which receives energy from the ac source. Basics, maintenance, and diagnostics ix contents continued page 6. Electronic components function depends on type and need of the circuit.
Electric motor designs can vary quite a lot, though in general they have three main parts. This 3d animated video discusses the three main types of transformers used in the power engineering industry, their parts and functions. Nov 04, 2018 this 3d animated video discusses the three main types of transformers used in the power engineering industry, their parts and functions. All the transformer main components are discussed core. The function of a transformer is to step up or step down alternating voltage while maintaining power at the same level.
Therefore, a change in voltage causes reverse change in current. The secondary coil, which receives energy from the primary winding and delivers it to the load. A core of the transformer is made up of ferromagnetic materials. The transformers core and winding must be completely immersed in the oil. When the atmospheric air passes through the silica gel of the breather, the airs moisture is absorbed by the silica crystals. Introduction a electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction is know as power transformer. The course is packed with 2d images, 2d animations and 3d animations. Electrical transformer main parts construction of electrical.
Electrical substation components, workings and their functions. These electronic components are basic electronic parts packaged in a discrete form with two or more connecting leads or metallic pads. The process of electromagnetic induction, through which electricity reacts to. Go to the weisser site, and in the search box in the products page enter the relevant. Transformer parts pty ltd are the australian agents for weisser bobbins and products.
A transformers function is to maintain a current of electricity by transferring energy between two or more circuits. Main parts of transformer, transformer constuction and methods of transformer cooling, conservator tank function in transformer, buchholz relay, radiators. The basics of current transformers nk technologies. They provide the low reluctance path and high permeability for the flux.
Here we discuss different types of transformers are the step up and step down transformer, distribution transformer, potential transformer, power transformer, 1. A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to one or more circuits. A transformer is a static apparatus, with no moving parts, which transforms electrical power from one circuit to another with changes in voltage and current and no change in frequency. This will include all major types of stepdown regulating transformer. What are the auxiliary parts of a transformer and their. This is accomplished through a process known as electromagnetic induction. The soft iron core which made by the thin metal strips lamination. Parts of a transformer miracle electronics devices pvt. There are two types of transformers classified by their function. Several parts of the transformer are given different function with the works as follow.
For a given fleet of power transformers, there are a lot of elements that come into play when it comes to selecting the right quantity of spares. The core, which makes a path for the magnetic flux. This free course uses detailed 3d models to teach you about an electrical transformers functions and components. A current transformer, abbreviated ct, is a type of transformer used to measure the current of a given circuit. Assessment of large power transformer risk mitigation. Main tank and conservator tank connected to each other through a pipe. The fuse holder works in conjunction with abb doiii fuse links which can be found on page 6 of this guide. Assessment of large power transformer risk mitigation strategies. A transformer is an electrical apparatus designed to convert alternating current from one voltage to another. Transformer function is based on the principle that electrical energy is transferred. Distribution substation transformers are typically in the range of 3 kva to 25 mva. The transformer is immersed in oil which acts as an insulator as well as a coolant. Main components of a power transformer electric equipment.
The transformer the principle parts of a transformer and their functions are. These three parts use the attractive and repulsive forces of electromagnetism, causing the motor to spin continually as long as it receives a steady flow of electric current. The doiii fuse holder is designed for use at voltages up to 23 kv linetoground and 150 kv bil. Nov 17, 2019 a transformer is a static device which transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through the process of electromagnetic induction. It also use to decrease oxidation by reducing area of oil around. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 1. The main components of the transformer are as follows. The enclosure, which protects the transformer from dirt, moisture, and mechanical damage. Oil is tested for resistivity, dielectric and acidic characteristics. There are two main types of maintenance of transformer. Substation is integral part of a power system and form important links between the generating station, transmission systems, distribution systems and the load points. A transformer operates on the principals of electromagnetic induction, in the form of mutual induction. However, transformers do suffer from other types of losses called copper losses and iron losses but generally these are quite small.